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                Java 动手写爬虫: 一、实现一个最简单爬虫
            
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                    <ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#第一篇实现一个最简单爬虫"><span class="toc-text">第一篇实现一个最简单爬虫</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#I-使用场景"><span class="toc-text">I. 使用场景</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#II-设计-amp-实现"><span class="toc-text">II. 设计 &amp; 实现</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-基本数据结构"><span class="toc-text">1. 基本数据结构</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#CrawlMeta-java"><span class="toc-text">CrawlMeta.java</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#CrawlResult"><span class="toc-text">CrawlResult</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-爬取任务"><span class="toc-text">2. 爬取任务</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#IJob-java"><span class="toc-text">IJob.java</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#AbstractJob"><span class="toc-text">AbstractJob</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#SimpleCrawlJob"><span class="toc-text">SimpleCrawlJob</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#4-测试"><span class="toc-text">4. 测试</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#III-优化"><span class="toc-text">III. 优化</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#1-改用-HttpClient-来执行网络请求"><span class="toc-text">1. 改用 HttpClient 来执行网络请求</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#2-http配置项"><span class="toc-text">2. http配置项</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#下一步"><span class="toc-text">下一步</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#IV-其他"><span class="toc-text">IV. 其他</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#源码"><span class="toc-text">源码</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#相关博文"><span class="toc-text">相关博文</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#一灰灰Blog：-https-liuyueyi-github-io-hexblog"><span class="toc-text">一灰灰Blog： https://liuyueyi.github.io/hexblog</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#声明"><span class="toc-text">声明</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#扫描关注"><span class="toc-text">扫描关注</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li></ol>
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            <h1 id="第一篇实现一个最简单爬虫"><a href="#第一篇实现一个最简单爬虫" class="headerlink" title="第一篇实现一个最简单爬虫"></a>第一篇实现一个最简单爬虫</h1><blockquote>
<p>准备写个爬虫， 可以怎么搞？</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="I-使用场景"><a href="#I-使用场景" class="headerlink" title="I. 使用场景"></a>I. 使用场景</h2><p>先定义一个最简单的使用场景，给你一个url，把这个url中指定的内容爬下来，然后停止</p>
<ul>
<li>一个待爬去的网址（有个地方指定爬的网址）</li>
<li>如何获取指定的内容（可以配置规则来获取指定的内容）</li>
</ul>
<a id="more"></a>
<h2 id="II-设计-amp-实现"><a href="#II-设计-amp-实现" class="headerlink" title="II. 设计 &amp; 实现"></a>II. 设计 &amp; 实现</h2><h3 id="1-基本数据结构"><a href="#1-基本数据结构" class="headerlink" title="1. 基本数据结构"></a>1. 基本数据结构</h3><h4 id="CrawlMeta-java"><a href="#CrawlMeta-java" class="headerlink" title="CrawlMeta.java"></a><code>CrawlMeta.java</code></h4><blockquote>
<p>一个配置项，包含塞入的 url 和 获取规则</p>
</blockquote>
  <figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> * Created by yihui on 2017/6/27.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@ToString</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CrawlMeta</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 待爬去的网址</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-meta">@Getter</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-meta">@Setter</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String url;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 获取指定内容的规则, 因为一个网页中，你可能获取多个不同的内容， 所以放在集合中</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-meta">@Setter</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Set&lt;String&gt; selectorRules;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">// 这么做的目的就是为了防止NPE, 也就是说支持不指定选择规则</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Set&lt;String&gt; <span class="hljs-title">getSelectorRules</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> selectorRules != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> ? selectorRules : <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="CrawlResult"><a href="#CrawlResult" class="headerlink" title="CrawlResult"></a><code>CrawlResult</code></h4><blockquote>
<p>抓取的结果，除了根据匹配的规则获取的结果之外，把整个html的数据也保存下来，这样实际使用者就可以更灵活的重新定义获取规则</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">import</span> org.jsoup.nodes.Document;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@Getter</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@Setter</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@ToString</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CrawlResult</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 爬取的网址</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String url;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 爬取的网址对应的 DOC 结构</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Document htmlDoc;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 选择的结果，key为选择规则，value为根据规则匹配的结果</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Map&lt;String, List&lt;String&gt;&gt; result;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>说明：这里采用jsoup来解析html</strong></p>
<h3 id="2-爬取任务"><a href="#2-爬取任务" class="headerlink" title="2. 爬取任务"></a>2. 爬取任务</h3><blockquote>
<p>爬取网页的具体逻辑就放在这里了</p>
<p>一个爬取的任务 <code>CrawlJob</code>，爬虫嘛，正常来讲都会塞到一个线程中去执行，虽然我们是第一篇，也不至于low到直接放到主线程去做</p>
<p>面向接口编程，所以我们定义了一个 <code>IJob</code> 的接口</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="IJob-java"><a href="#IJob-java" class="headerlink" title="IJob.java"></a><code>IJob.java</code></h4><p>这里定义了两个方法，在job执行之前和之后的回调，加上主要某些逻辑可以放在这里来做（如打日志，耗时统计等），将辅助的代码从爬取的代码中抽取，使代码结构更整洁</p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">interface</span> <span class="hljs-title">IJob</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">Runnable</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 在job执行之前回调的方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">beforeRun</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 在job执行完毕之后回调的方法</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">afterRun</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="AbstractJob"><a href="#AbstractJob" class="headerlink" title="AbstractJob"></a><code>AbstractJob</code></h4><p>因为<code>IJob</code> 多了两个方法，所以就衍生了这个抽象类，不然每个具体的实现都得去实现这两个方法，有点蛋疼</p>
<p>然后就是借用了一丝模板设计模式的思路，把run方法也实现了，单独拎了一个<code>doFetchPage</code>方法给子类来实现，具体的抓取网页的逻辑</p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">AbstractJob</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">implements</span> <span class="hljs-title">IJob</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">beforeRun</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">afterRun</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-meta">@Override</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">run</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.beforeRun();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.doFetchPage();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.afterRun();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 具体的抓去网页的方法， 需要子类来补全实现逻辑</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * <span class="hljs-doctag">@throws</span> Exception</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">abstract</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">doFetchPage</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception</span>;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="SimpleCrawlJob"><a href="#SimpleCrawlJob" class="headerlink" title="SimpleCrawlJob"></a><code>SimpleCrawlJob</code></h4><p>一个最简单的实现类，直接利用了JDK的URL方法来抓去网页，然后利用jsoup进行html结构解析，这个实现中有较多的硬编码，先看着，下面就着手第一步优化</p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> * 最简单的一个爬虫任务</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> * &lt;p&gt;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> * Created by yihui on 2017/6/27.</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@Getter</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@Setter</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">SimpleCrawlJob</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">extends</span> <span class="hljs-title">AbstractJob</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 配置项信息</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> CrawlMeta crawlMeta;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 存储爬取的结果</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> CrawlResult crawlResult;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 执行抓取网页</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">doFetchPage</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        URL url = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> URL(crawlMeta.getUrl());</span><br><span class="line">        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();</span><br><span class="line">        BufferedReader in = <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        StringBuilder result = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> StringBuilder();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置通用的请求属性</span></span><br><span class="line">            connection.setRequestProperty(<span class="hljs-string">"accept"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"*/*"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            connection.setRequestProperty(<span class="hljs-string">"connection"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Keep-Alive"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            connection.setRequestProperty(<span class="hljs-string">"user-agent"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-comment">// 建立实际的连接</span></span><br><span class="line">            connection.connect();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            Map&lt;String, List&lt;String&gt;&gt; map = connection.getHeaderFields();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-comment">//遍历所有的响应头字段</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (String key : map.keySet()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                System.out.println(key + <span class="hljs-string">"---&gt;"</span> + map.get(key));</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-comment">// 定义 BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应</span></span><br><span class="line">            in = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> BufferedReader(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> InputStreamReader(</span><br><span class="line">                    connection.getInputStream()));</span><br><span class="line">            String line;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">while</span> ((line = in.readLine()) != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                result.append(line);</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125; <span class="hljs-keyword">finally</span> &#123;        <span class="hljs-comment">// 使用finally块来关闭输入流</span></span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">try</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (in != <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                    in.close();</span><br><span class="line">                &#125;</span><br><span class="line">            &#125; <span class="hljs-keyword">catch</span> (Exception e2) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                e2.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        doParse(result.toString());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">doParse</span><span class="hljs-params">(String html)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        Map&lt;String, List&lt;String&gt;&gt; map = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HashMap&lt;&gt;(crawlMeta.getSelectorRules().size());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (String rule: crawlMeta.getSelectorRules()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            List&lt;String&gt; list = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (Element element: doc.select(rule)) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">                list.add(element.text());</span><br><span class="line">            &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">            map.put(rule, list);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CrawlResult();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult.setHtmlDoc(doc);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult.setUrl(crawlMeta.getUrl());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult.setResult(map);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-测试"><a href="#4-测试" class="headerlink" title="4. 测试"></a>4. 测试</h2><blockquote>
<p>上面一个最简单的爬虫就完成了，就需要拉出来看看，是否可以正常的工作了</p>
</blockquote>
<p>就拿自己的博客作为测试网址，目标是获取 title + content，所以测试代码如下</p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> * 测试我们写的最简单的一个爬虫,</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> *</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> * 目标是爬取一篇博客</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">testFetch</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    String url = <span class="hljs-string">"https://my.oschina.net/u/566591/blog/1031575"</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    Set&lt;String&gt; selectRule = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HashSet&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">    selectRule.add(<span class="hljs-string">"div[class=title]"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 博客标题</span></span><br><span class="line">    selectRule.add(<span class="hljs-string">"div[class=blog-body]"</span>); <span class="hljs-comment">// 博客正文</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    CrawlMeta crawlMeta = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CrawlMeta();</span><br><span class="line">    crawlMeta.setUrl(url); <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置爬取的网址</span></span><br><span class="line">    crawlMeta.setSelectorRules(selectRule); <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置抓去的内容</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    SimpleCrawlJob job = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> SimpleCrawlJob();</span><br><span class="line">    job.setCrawlMeta(crawlMeta);</span><br><span class="line">    Thread thread = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Thread(job, <span class="hljs-string">"crawler-test"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    thread.start();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    thread.join(); <span class="hljs-comment">// 确保线程执行完毕</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    CrawlResult result = job.getCrawlResult();</span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(result);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>代码演示示意图如下</strong></p>
<p>从返回的结果可以看出，抓取到的title中包含了博客标题 + 作着，主要的解析是使用的 jsoup，所以这些抓去的规则可以参考jsoup的使用方式</p>
<p><img src="https://static.oschina.net/uploads/img/201706/27230945_PIc1.gif" alt="t1.gif"></p>
<h2 id="III-优化"><a href="#III-优化" class="headerlink" title="III. 优化"></a>III. 优化</h2><blockquote>
<ol>
<li><p>上面完成之后，有个地方看着就不太舒服，<code>doFetchPage</code> 方法中的抓去网页，有不少的硬编码，而且那么一大串看着也不太利索, 所以考虑加一个配置项，用于记录HTTP相关的参数</p>
</li>
<li><p>可以用更成熟的http框架来取代jdk的访问方式，维护和使用更加简单</p>
</li>
</ol>
</blockquote>
<p>仅针对这个最简单的爬虫，我们开始着手上面的两个优化点</p>
<h3 id="1-改用-HttpClient-来执行网络请求"><a href="#1-改用-HttpClient-来执行网络请求" class="headerlink" title="1. 改用 HttpClient 来执行网络请求"></a>1. 改用 HttpClient 来执行网络请求</h3><p>使用httpClient，重新改上面的获取网页代码(暂不考虑配置项的情况), 对比之后发现代码会简洁很多</p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> * 执行抓取网页</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">doFetchPage</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();</span><br><span class="line">    HttpGet httpGet = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HttpGet(crawlMeta.getUrl());</span><br><span class="line">    HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);</span><br><span class="line">    String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == <span class="hljs-number">200</span>) &#123; <span class="hljs-comment">// 请求成功</span></span><br><span class="line">        doParse(res);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125; <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CrawlResult();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult.setStatus(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), response.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult.setUrl(crawlMeta.getUrl());</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>这里加了一个对返回的code进行判断，兼容了一把访问不到数据的情况，对应的返回结果中，新加了一个表示状态的对象</p>
<p><code>CrawlResult</code></p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Status status;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">setStatus</span><span class="hljs-params">(<span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> code, String msg)</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.status = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> Status(code, msg);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@Getter</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@Setter</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@ToString</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@AllArgsConstructor</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">Status</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">int</span> code;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> String msg;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后再进行测试，结果发现返回状态为 403, 主要是没有设置一些必要的请求参数，被拦截了，手动塞几个参数再试则ok</p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">HttpGet httpGet = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HttpGet(crawlMeta.getUrl());</span><br><span class="line">httpGet.addHeader(<span class="hljs-string">"accept"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">httpGet.addHeader(<span class="hljs-string">"connection"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Keep-Alive"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">httpGet.addHeader(<span class="hljs-string">"user-agent"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36"</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2-http配置项"><a href="#2-http配置项" class="headerlink" title="2. http配置项"></a>2. http配置项</h3><blockquote>
<p>显然每次都这么手动塞入参数是不可选的，我们有必要透出一个接口，由用户自己来指定一些请求和返回参数</p>
</blockquote>
<p>首先我们可以确认下都有些什么样的配置项</p>
<ul>
<li>请求方法： GET, POST, OPTIONS, DELET …</li>
<li>RequestHeader: <code>Accept</code>  <code>Cookie</code>  <code>Host</code>  <code>Referer</code>  <code>User-Agent</code> <code>Accept-Encoding</code>  <code>Accept-Language</code> … （直接打开一个网页，看请求的hedaers即可）</li>
<li>请求参数</li>
<li>ResponseHeader: 这个我们没法设置，但是我们可以设置网页的编码（这个来fix中文乱码比较使用）</li>
<li>是否走https（这个暂时可以不考虑，后面讨论）</li>
</ul>
<p>新增一个配置文件，配置参数主要为</p>
<ul>
<li>请求方法</li>
<li>请求参数</li>
<li>请求头</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-meta">@ToString</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">CrawlHttpConf</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> Map&lt;String, String&gt; DEFAULT_HEADERS;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span>  &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        DEFAULT_HEADERS = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HashMap&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        DEFAULT_HEADERS.put(<span class="hljs-string">"accept"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        DEFAULT_HEADERS.put(<span class="hljs-string">"connection"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Keep-Alive"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        DEFAULT_HEADERS.put(<span class="hljs-string">"user-agent"</span>, <span class="hljs-string">"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_1) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.110 Safari/537.36"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">enum</span> HttpMethod &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        GET,</span><br><span class="line">        POST,</span><br><span class="line">        OPTIONS,</span><br><span class="line">        PUT;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-meta">@Getter</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-meta">@Setter</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> HttpMethod method = HttpMethod.GET;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 请求头</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-meta">@Setter</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Map&lt;String, String&gt; requestHeaders;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     * 请求参数</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">     */</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-meta">@Setter</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> Map&lt;String, Object&gt; requestParams;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Map&lt;String, String&gt; <span class="hljs-title">getRequestHeaders</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> requestHeaders == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> ? DEFAULT_HEADERS : requestHeaders;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> Map&lt;String, Object&gt; <span class="hljs-title">getRequestParams</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> requestParams == <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span> ? Collections.emptyMap() : requestParams;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>新建一个 <code>HttpUtils</code> 工具类，来具体的执行Http请求, 下面我们暂先实现Get/Post两个请求方式，后续可以再这里进行扩展和优化</p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">class</span> <span class="hljs-title">HttpUtils</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> HttpResponse <span class="hljs-title">request</span><span class="hljs-params">(CrawlMeta crawlMeta, CrawlHttpConf httpConf)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">switch</span> (httpConf.getMethod()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> GET:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> doGet(crawlMeta, httpConf);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">case</span> POST:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> doPost(crawlMeta, httpConf);</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="hljs-keyword">default</span>:</span><br><span class="line">                <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> HttpResponse <span class="hljs-title">doGet</span><span class="hljs-params">(CrawlMeta crawlMeta, CrawlHttpConf httpConf)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">//        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();</span></span><br><span class="line">        SSLContextBuilder builder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> SSLContextBuilder();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">//         全部信任 不做身份鉴定</span></span><br><span class="line">        builder.loadTrustMaterial(<span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>, (x509Certificates, s) -&gt; <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setSslcontext(builder.build()).build();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置请求参数</span></span><br><span class="line">        StringBuilder param = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> StringBuilder(crawlMeta.getUrl()).append(<span class="hljs-string">"?"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (Map.Entry&lt;String, Object&gt; entry : httpConf.getRequestParams().entrySet()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            param.append(entry.getKey())</span><br><span class="line">                    .append(<span class="hljs-string">"="</span>)</span><br><span class="line">                    .append(entry.getValue())</span><br><span class="line">                    .append(<span class="hljs-string">"&amp;"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        HttpGet httpGet = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HttpGet(param.substring(<span class="hljs-number">0</span>, param.length() - <span class="hljs-number">1</span>)); <span class="hljs-comment">// 过滤掉最后一个无效字符</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置请求头</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (Map.Entry&lt;String, String&gt; head : httpConf.getRequestHeaders().entrySet()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            httpGet.addHeader(head.getKey(), head.getValue());</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// 执行网络请求</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> httpClient.execute(httpGet);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">static</span> HttpResponse <span class="hljs-title">doPost</span><span class="hljs-params">(CrawlMeta crawlMeta, CrawlHttpConf httpConf)</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">//        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();</span></span><br><span class="line">        SSLContextBuilder builder = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> SSLContextBuilder();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">//         全部信任 不做身份鉴定</span></span><br><span class="line">        builder.loadTrustMaterial(<span class="hljs-keyword">null</span>, (x509Certificates, s) -&gt; <span class="hljs-keyword">true</span>);</span><br><span class="line">        HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setSslcontext(builder.build()).build();</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        HttpPost httpPost = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> HttpPost(crawlMeta.getUrl());</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// 建立一个NameValuePair数组，用于存储欲传送的参数</span></span><br><span class="line">        List&lt;NameValuePair&gt; params = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> ArrayList&lt;&gt;();</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (Map.Entry&lt;String, Object&gt; param : httpConf.getRequestParams().entrySet()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            params.add(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> BasicNameValuePair(param.getKey(), param.getValue().toString()));</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        httpPost.setEntity(<span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, HTTP.UTF_8));</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-comment">// 设置请求头</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">for</span> (Map.Entry&lt;String, String&gt; head : httpConf.getRequestHeaders().entrySet()) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            httpPost.addHeader(head.getKey(), head.getValue());</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="hljs-keyword">return</span> httpClient.execute(httpPost);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>然后我们的 doFetchPage 方法将简洁很多</p>
<figure class="highlight java hljs"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">* 执行抓取网页</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-comment">*/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="hljs-function"><span class="hljs-keyword">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">void</span> <span class="hljs-title">doFetchPage</span><span class="hljs-params">()</span> <span class="hljs-keyword">throws</span> Exception </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  HttpResponse response = HttpUtils.request(crawlMeta, httpConf);</span><br><span class="line">  String res = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="hljs-keyword">if</span> (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == <span class="hljs-number">200</span>) &#123; <span class="hljs-comment">// 请求成功</span></span><br><span class="line">      doParse(res);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125; <span class="hljs-keyword">else</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult = <span class="hljs-keyword">new</span> CrawlResult();</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult.setStatus(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), response.getStatusLine().getReasonPhrase());</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="hljs-keyword">this</span>.crawlResult.setUrl(crawlMeta.getUrl());</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="下一步"><a href="#下一步" class="headerlink" title="下一步"></a>下一步</h2><p>上面我们实现的是一个最简陋，最基础的东西了，但是这个基本上又算是满足了核心的功能点，但距离一个真正的爬虫框架还差那些呢 ？</p>
<p>另一个核心的就是：</p>
<p><em><strong>爬了一个网址之后，解析这个网址中的链接，继续爬！！！</strong></em></p>
<p>下一篇则将在本此的基础上，考虑如何实现上面这个功能点；写这个博客的思路，将是先做一个实现需求场景的东西出来，，可能在开始实现时，很多东西都比较挫，兼容性扩展性易用性啥的都不怎么样，计划是在完成基本的需求点之后，然后再着手去优化看不顺眼的地方</p>
<p>坚持，希望可以持之以恒，完善这个东西</p>
<h2 id="IV-其他"><a href="#IV-其他" class="headerlink" title="IV. 其他"></a>IV. 其他</h2><h3 id="源码"><a href="#源码" class="headerlink" title="源码"></a>源码</h3><p>项目地址: <a href="https://github.com/liuyueyi/quick-crawler" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://github.com/liuyueyi/quick-crawler</a></p>
<p>上面的分了两步，均可以在对应的tag中找到响应的代码，主要代码都在core模块下</p>
<p>第一步对应的tag为：<a href="https://github.com/liuyueyi/quick-crawler/releases/tag/v0.001" target="_blank" rel="noopener">v0.001</a></p>
<p>优化后对应的tag为：<a href="https://github.com/liuyueyi/quick-crawler/releases/tag/v0.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">v0.002</a></p>
<h3 id="相关博文"><a href="#相关博文" class="headerlink" title="相关博文"></a>相关博文</h3><p><a href="https://liuyueyi.github.io/hexblog/categories/%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF/Quick%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE/QuickCrawler/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Quick-Crawel爬虫系列博文</a></p>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/HashMap/">
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/ImageMagic/">
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/JDK/">
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/JVM/">
                        <span class="tag">JVM</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/JavaAgent/">
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/JavaWeb/">
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Jquery/">
                        <span class="tag">Jquery</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">1</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Linux/">
                        <span class="tag">Linux</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">11</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/List/">
                        <span class="tag">List</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">1</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/MD5/">
                        <span class="tag">MD5</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Map/">
                        <span class="tag">Map</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Maven/">
                        <span class="tag">Maven</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Mongo/">
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/MongoDB/">
                        <span class="tag">MongoDB</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/MongoDb/">
                        <span class="tag">MongoDb</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">9</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/MySql/">
                        <span class="tag">MySql</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Mybatis/">
                        <span class="tag">Mybatis</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Mysql/">
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Nginx/">
                        <span class="tag">Nginx</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/OGNL/">
                        <span class="tag">OGNL</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/ProtoStuff/">
                        <span class="tag">ProtoStuff</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">2</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/QuickAlarm/">
                        <span class="tag">QuickAlarm</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/RabbitMQ/">
                        <span class="tag">RabbitMQ</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">8</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/ReactJS/">
                        <span class="tag">ReactJS</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Redis/">
                        <span class="tag">Redis</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">9</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Shell/">
                        <span class="tag">Shell</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">13</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Socket/">
                        <span class="tag">Socket</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">1</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Solr/">
                        <span class="tag">Solr</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">1</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Spring/">
                        <span class="tag">Spring</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">25</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/SpringBoot/">
                        <span class="tag">SpringBoot</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">1</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/Vue/">
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                        <span class="tag">WebSocket</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/ffmpeg/">
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/hexo/">
                        <span class="tag">hexo</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/jdk/">
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                        <span class="tag is-grey">1</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/logger/">
                        <span class="tag">logger</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/markdown/">
                        <span class="tag">markdown</span>
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                        <span class="tag">python</span>
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                        <span class="tag">time</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">1</span>
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                        <span class="tag">乱码</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/二维码/">
                        <span class="tag">二维码</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/分库分表/">
                        <span class="tag">分库分表</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/反射/">
                        <span class="tag">反射</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/工具/">
                        <span class="tag">工具</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">5</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/并发/">
                        <span class="tag">并发</span>
                        <span class="tag is-grey">3</span>
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                    <a class="tags has-addons" href="/hexblog/tags/序列化/">
                        <span class="tag">序列化</span>
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                        <span class="tag">手记</span>
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                        <span class="tag">问题记录</span>
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                <span class="level-item">问题记录</span>
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                <span class="level-item tag">6</span>
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                <span class="level-item">Python</span>
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                <span class="level-item tag">33</span>
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                <span class="level-item tag">1</span>
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                <span class="level-item tag">30</span>
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                <span class="level-item tag">8</span>
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